Modern Ideas Research Articles

The Role Of Innovative Marketing In Enhancing Creativity Of Industrial Organizations

Innovative marketing has become a basic pillar that countries and industrial companies rely on to achieve creativity in their work, a true criterion for their success and failure, and an essential element for their profit or loss. Innovative marketing has become an urgent necessity and there is no way to ignore it, because of its vital therefore, industrial organizations must shift from traditional marketing to innovative marketing and think outside traditional frameworks by constantly keeping pace with development, encouraging innovation, generating modern ideas, and adopting the concept of creativity by following modern and innovative marketing means and methods based on distinction and superiority. Hence, this search aimed to know the influence of innovative marketing in developing creativity. Data were collected using a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire form was distributed to a sample of 84 employees at the General Company for Textile and Leather Industry, in addition to personal interviews conducted by the researchers. The study results indicated that there is a relationship between innovative marketing in developing creativity through the selected dimensions, as the company’s management seeks to provide better sustainable programs for developing creativity by enhancing activities related to understanding customers’ desires and providing more of those desires.   Paper type: Analytical research.

Post-COVID syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes: definition, epidemiology, pathophysiology, biomarkers and genetic associations

The article presents the modern ideas about post-COVID syndrome, indicates various types and classifications of post-COVID syndrome, provides epidemiological data, including the patients with type 2 diabetes, also the definition of post-COVID syndrome is given. The group of patients defined as patients with post-COVID syndrome is very heterogeneous. Post-COVID syndrome is more common in the elderly, with comorbid pathology, severe disease. The pathophysiology of this syndrome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is analyzed, and risk factors are indicated. The main biomarkers of disorders were determined: monocytes and their coefficients, acute phase proteins, some biochemical indicators, including analysis of genetic associations with the severity of post-COVID disorders (interferon gamma gene, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene, ACE2 inhibitor). Genotyping of a sample of 26 single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes implicated in viral entry, immune response, and inflammation were significantly associated not only with the risk of long-term COVID-19 symptoms, but also with the cumulative incidence of post-COVID syndrome. Elevated levels of interleukin 6, C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor alpha may serve as potential diagnostic biomarkers in long-term COVID biomarkers of blood vascular transformation have great potential for diagnosis, and angiogenesis modulators may have therapeutic efficacy It has been shown that the vast majority of patients, in particular those suffering from type 2 diabetes, develop post-COVID-19 syndrome, and taking into account pre-existing diseases, post-COVID syndrome is not so harmless. By identifying common biomarkers and genetic associations, it is possible to identify the common molecular mechanism of post-COVID syndrome COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus. The novelty of disease association studies in the context of COVID-19 provides new insights into the management of rapidly evolving long-term COVID and post-COVID syndromes that have significant global implications.

From translatio to translation: the reconceptualization of translation in the Early Modern period

ABSTRACT The medieval concept of translatio was qualitatively different from our contemporary understanding of “translation”. Not only was it a much broader concept, encompassing many forms of relocation or transposition far beyond the inter-linguistic, it also implied change and adaptation to local conditions. Thus, medieval texts would mutate and shapeshift in a way that is incompatible with the modern idea that, in translation, the “meaning” should remain the same. This article argues that the transition from the medieval to the modern mindset was marked by the onset of a new semiotic theory, a new understanding of the relationship between form and meaning. Following the recovery of Hellenistic science in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, the Platonic notion of the semantic invariant (or transcendental signified) gradually took over from the rhetorical attitude of embedded meaning. The dynamics involved in the shift are explored in both the secular and the sacred domains.

Kharkiv in the 1920s-1930s as the Capital of Victorious Modernism

Documenting and demonstrating (based on material from archives and literary primary sources) the extraordinary growth and development of Kharkiv in the interwar period with an emphasis on the time when it became the first capital of Soviet Ukraine is the main goal of this article. The ideas of modernism were vividly embodied in the architecture and urbanism of the city in the 1920s and early 1930s. Large-scale urban transformations turned it into one of the largest and most significant industrial, cultural, scientific and educational centers of the USSR in a very short period. It became the third most important city after Moscow and Leningrad. And in 1928 modernism was officially recognized as the leading direction in its architecture.

Rituals as Nature-Based Governance of reciprocity between people and nature

The conventional approach to environmental governance, based on institutions, regulations, and interventions, has utterly failed to stop the current ecological catastrophe. I suggest a radical alternative: Ritual as the core mode of ‘nature-based governance’ (NBG) that enacts deep and comprehensive reciprocity between people and nature. NBG grounds governance mechanisms in embodied more-than-human practices with normative force. I combine a wide range of theoretical resources in social sciences, economics, and philosophy to suggest a general concept of ritual that is inspired by but generalizes over Indigenous thought and is informed by East Asian ideas about ritual as the pivot of social order. However, the radical basis for my argument recognizes ritual as a kind of action that humans and non-humans share as living beings. Therefore, rituals can be activated in workable governance mechanisms to create and sustain communities of multi-species cohabitation. I present a theoretical case study on property as ritual; this relates human property of land with non-human territoriality, acknowledging possession and its ritual performance as a behaviour shared in humans and non-human species. Consequently, rooted in ritual, a more-than-human notion of property emerges that radically differs from modern ideas of the institution of property but converges with Indigenous relational concepts. Equipped with these theoretical insights, I suggest practical applications in the context of NBG of Nature-based solutions. These are: reconceptualizing eco-compensation as a reciprocal ritual of gift-giving, the commoning of ecosystem services of animal populations in wildfire protection, and the formation of urban multi-species communities in urban gardening.

Guiding Canada's Girls Toward the Empire

Through a critical analysis of Guiding's official programming books, the hierarchy of its organizational structure, and scholarly works on the history of the Guiding and Scouting Movements in Britain and Canada, this paper explores the early development of the Girl Guides of Canada; analyzing the early 20th century public's shifting views on girlhood and examining the relationship between Guiding and the British Empire. The central thesis of this essay is that the organization was originally founded in 1910 with a strict, conservative gender ideology and a strong imperial connection, but changed its messaging during the Interwar Period to reflect emerging modern notions of girlhood and imperialism; while still retaining its core values in its official programming. 
 Born out of the Scouting Movement of Great Britain, the Girl Guides of Canada were originally founded with the intention of preparing young girls for a domestic life; serving the British Empire by being dutiful wives and mothers. The organization's mission was to address the public's anxiety surrounding modern girlhood. As new economic and leisure opportunities appeared for women and girls in Canada's urban areas, so did the fear that these working women would lead lives of promiscuity, potentially causing the breakdown of domestic life. Guiding sought to prevent this issue by taking up young girls' spare time with gendered instruction on subjects such as how to run a home and the role of women in the British Empire. This messaging and ideology was incredibly popular at the time, and the Guiding movement spread like wildfire.
 Following the First World War, the Canadian public's views on the role of girls and the British Empire were changing: through Guiding's wartime volunteer efforts, girls had proven themselves to be capable of much more than domestic instruction, and Canada began to question its place within the empire. The emergence of alternative youth movements, with a specific focus on physical training and fostering a Canadian national identity, reflected this change. In response to these developments, the Girl Guides released introduced international camps with messaging surrounding peace and international friendship, and promoted a more progressive view of girls with new badges and activities. This new rhetoric made the movement more appealing to a wider array of girls, but only obscured the organizations original values of imperialism and domesticity. The structure of the organization still adhered to a hierarchy that favoured British Girl Guides, with the Canadian arm taking all direction from Britain. Upon analysis of Guiding's programming books, it is also clear that gendered instruction was still the primary focus of the organization. This paper also examines how Canadian Girl Guides' programming was used to naturalize and assimilate girls who did not fit the Empire's idealized model of white womanhood, such as Indigenous girls attending residential schools and girls from immigrant households, further complicating its notion of internationalism.
 The changes to the Guiding Movement's programming reflect the organization's desire to spread its ideology to a wider audience, rather than a commitment to more modern ideas of girlhood and progressive notions of international friendship. The programming, while becoming more refined over time, still centered around domestic skills and preparing girls for motherhood, while the organization's international structure relied on a hierarchy that placed Britain at the top, and kept Canada at an arms' length.

‘Cropaganda’: Mythology of Corn Belt agriculture

Even as scholars have increasingly recognized the role of industrial agricultural practices in contributing to non-point source pollution, drinking water in the Corn Belt remains perilously contaminated with excess nitrates, which pose a significant risk to human health and the environment. A recent lawsuit filed by the city of Des Moines, Iowa against three upstream counties over chronic nitrate pollution sparked heated debate around the roles and responsibilities of agricultural production. Drawing on Barthes’ theory of mythology, this paper explores how three core myths influence agricultural management paradigms and practices that contribute to the water quality crisis in Iowa and shape how key stakeholders have responded (Barthes, R. 1972 [1957]. Mythologies. New York: Hill and Wang). This article relies on ethnographic data to explain agricultural nitrate pollution and the stalled progress on water quality improvement. Together these myths draw on post-enlightenment ideas of nature, security, and modernity to perpetuate productivist behavior, claim resources for conventional commodity agriculture, and impede widespread adoption of alternative agricultural practices. By identifying and interrogating each myth, I aim to reveal and complicate the inherent contradictions in its representation of reality to strip it of ideological function and, in doing so, cultivate opportunities to imagine and create an alternative system that benefits both people and the planet.

Modern ideas about the state of neurofunctional activity of the brain under the professional influence of physical and chemical factors

The article provides an overview of modern scientific approaches to assessing the state of neurofunctional activity of the brain under the professional influence of physical and chemical factors is presented, carried out using bibliographic databases Scopus, MedLine, Web of Science, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, RSCI, Cyberleninka, Google Academy, Index Copernicus, SJR, Science Direct, Arxiv.Org. The work reflects the results of research by domestic and foreign scientists stating the fact of violations of neurobioelectric activity, cerebral hemodynamics, afferent conductive structures, cytokine and neuropsychological status in patients with vibration disease, sensorineural hearing loss, chronic mercury intoxication. There are prospects for using neuroenergic mapping with registration of the level of constant potential. The effects of biofeedback training (biofeedback method) on the reference reaction in order to stabilize and activate the neurofunctional activity of the brain in the treatment of neurological patients are reflected. The analysis of literary sources allowed us to substantiate the need to use artificial intelligence technologies to automate processes as a highly sensitive and specific method of detecting occupational pathology. The presented data indicate the relevance of the problem of studying disorders of neurofunctional activity, the relationship between the nervous and immune systems under the influence of vibration, noise, metallic mercury to improve the criteria for diagnosing lesions of the central nervous system.

Contouring the mobile risk society

ABSTRACT The contours of the “mobile risk society” are becoming increasingly visible. Contemporary discourses on climate change have gained in intensity and represent a significant semantic shift. The modern idea of the controllability and domestication of natural processes and the anthropogenic impacts of modern lifestyles, consumption and production patterns are being deconstructed and their side effects can be experienced on a daily basis. Multiple warnings seem to lack the impact necessary to stop the dystopian consequences of human activities in the Anthropocene. The “climate crisis” is pushing societies to their limits and revealing the limits of the problemsolving capacities of national and transnational institutions. Against this background, social science research on mobility is challenged in the same way as all other sciences. Without being able to provide comprehensive answers, it has certainly contributed to analyzing, understanding and sometimes solving some of the most pressing and risky problems in a turbulent world. The article takes these observations as a starting point to reflect on some aspects of the risky nature of mobilities and the consequences for the sustainability of lifestyles based on cultures of multiple mobilities. It elaborates on the conceptual differences between linear and reflexive modernization and on what it means to find ways of acting under conditions of ambivalence, uncertainty and insecurity. It also focuses on aspects of sustainable mobility policies and the future of communities and social integration. The article concludes with some conceptual considerations and an outlook on the future of mobilities in the age of climate change.

Hamlet’s Melancholic Imagination

ABSTRACT This article presents an interpretation of Hamlet's psychological condition through the prism of early modern ideas about the melancholic imagination. It begins with an account of what Shakespeare took from one of his principal sources, Belleforest's Histoires Tragiques, on the subject of ‘Amleth's’ melancholy (part I). It proceeds with a summary of the relationship between melancholy and the imagination in ancient and early modern medicine, and its reception in Shakespeare's England (part II). It then turns to the role of the imagination in Hamlet (parts III and IV). It suggests that Shakespeare used the relationship between melancholy and imagination to create, in the world of the play, a melancholic ‘imaginary reality’, where Hamlet's ‘diseased’ imagination is an unsettling and corrupting force not only in his own mind and body, but also in the wider environment of Elsinore.

Recontextualizing Modernity: A Case Study of The Kaum Adat in Padangpanjang Through the Boedi-Tjaniago (1920s)

This study examines the representation of progressive and modern ideas in Minangkabau during the early 1900s through an analysis of Boedi Tjaniago newspaper. The historical research method was employed, utilizing heuristic, criticism, interpretation, and historiography stages, with the primary data source being the Boedi Tjaniago newspaper from the National Archives of the Republic of Indonesia. The research findings indicate that Boedi Tjaniago served as a platform for the dissemination of modern ideas, including the modernization of education, gender equality, economic progress, Islamic modernization, and nationalism. Boedi Tjaniago was a significant media outlet that not only spread the message of progress but also contributed to building the identity and unity of the Minangkabau people.
 Keywords: Boedi Tjaniago, modernization, Minangkabau, education, gender equality, economic progress, Islamic modernization, nationalism.

Structural and morphological organization of dry valley of the Cretaceous south of the Central Chernozem Region

The peculiarities of origin, morphological and genetic varieties and structural and dynamic interrelations of dry valley landscapes of the Cretaceous south of the Central Chernozem Region are considered. Modern ideas about genesis, morphology, development and landscape structure of sukhodols are presented. Paradynamic interrelations of structural elements of basin landscape systems are emphasized. The necessity of taking into account landscape specificity of dry lands when solving the problems of nature management and optimization of landscape-ecological situation in the Cretaceous south of the Central Chernozem Region is emphasized. As an example, we analyzed the component, territorial and altitudinal organization of natural complexes of a large sukhodols of the Kuvshin dry valley located in the Podgorensky district of the Voronezh Region. The main factors of landscape differentiation are established, among which are peculiarities of morpholithogenic base, character of biostrom development, modern economic use. The problems of identification of local landscape boundaries and approaches to their solution have been noted. Based on the results of the research, 7 families and 45 species of landtypes, as well as altitudinal landscape layers and sub-layers were identified within the valley. Recommendations on changing the conservation status of the territory are given.

MORPHOMETRIC PARAMETERS OF MATURITY OF PLACENTAL CHORINAL VILLI IN PREMATURE LABOR

Aim – to establish some morphometric parameters of placental villi in premature birth in comparison with physiological pregnancy.Material and methods. The material (30 placentas in premature births and 30 placentas in physiological pregnancies) was fixed for 22-24 hours in a neutral buffered 10% formalin solution. Next, the material was dehydrated in an ascending battery of alcohols and embedded into paraffin at 580С. Serial histological sections 5 μm thick were made on a sled microtome. After deparaffinization, serial histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and with a chromotrope - water blue according to N.Z.Slinchenko. In addition to the descriptive method of histopathological examination, computer morphometry was performed on previously obtained digital copies of optical microscopic images of the tissue (Delta Optical Evolution 100 microscope {planachromatic lenses according to the required optical magnification} and Olympus SP550UZ digital camera). Digital copies of the image were analyzed using a freeware copy of the ImageJ v1.52 computer program specialized for digital histometric studies. In particular, the percentage of different types of chorionic villi was calculated on digital copies of optical images using the unrepeatable score test method. The obtained digital data were processed statistically. In particular, with the help of a copy of the free (freeware) computer program for statistical calculations PAST v 4.14, a preliminary test for the normality of the distribution was applied according to the Wilkie-Hahn-Shapiro test. For all studied statistical samples, according to this criterion, the hypothesis about the normality of the distribution was not rejected (at p=0.05), therefore, parametric methods of statistical analysis were used: calculation of the arithmetic mean and its error, the odd two-sided Student's test. Along with the Student's test, the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was also used. Results. It was considered most important to start assessing the state of the placenta according to the percentage ratios between different types of villous formations. In particular, according to modern ideas about different types of chorionic villi in the II and III trimesters of pregnancy, the following types of villous formations of the placenta were distinguished: stem villi ("early" and late"), intermediate villi (immature and mature), terminal villi, terminal "specialized" villi, mesenchymal villi, embryonic villi, trophoblastic and villous processes. The total amount of the specified villi should be equal to 100%. The division of villi into primary, secondary, and tertiary villi is relevant only for the 1st trimester of pregnancy, therefore, it is not suitable for studying the morphological features of premature birth.Conclusions. According to the obtained morphometric data, the immaturity of the chorionic tree is noted in premature birth compared to physiological pregnancy. This can be seen from a noticeable increase in the percentage of stem "early" villi, intermediate immature and mature villi, mesenchymal and embryonic villi, trophoblastic and villous processes, but with a significant decrease in the percentage of terminal villi.

Between "Silhouette d'une ville" and "Patriotisme": Analyzing those Conceptions in “La Construction des Villes” through the Lens of Georges de Montenach’s “Pour le visage aimé de la patrie"

This paper delves into Charles-Édouard Jeanneret’s inaugural urban study La Construction des Villes, exploring his pursuit of fostering citizens’ ‘local patriotism’. While Jeanneret, also known as young Le Corbusier, emphasises the importance of physical urban forms in generating this sentiment, the specific mechanism behind the emergence of local patriotism remains unclear in the manuscript. Our objective is to clarify the uniqueness and historical context of Jeanneret’s thoughts on local patriotism by examining its ideological background, particularly the foundation for creating this sentiment. The key concept, the ‘silhouette of a city’, borrowed from Georges de Montenach, lacks specific examples or forms in Jeanneret’s work. Jeanneret argues that visual clarity and its beauty form the basis for local patriotism. This abstraction, excluding the specificity of the place and translating symbolism into visual clarity, foreshadows Le Corbusier’s later modernist ideas. Unlike previous interpretations of inhabitants’ visual experiences, aligned with pre-modern German-speaking spatial theory, Jeanneret’s description of the silhouette of a city externalises the viewing subject, applying a limited scope of the landscape aligning with contemporary French-speaking discussions. The resulting collective consciousness, shared by external observers perceiving a clear silhouette of a city, is conceptualized as local patriotism.

The Influence of Buddhism on the Traditional Rituals of the Buryats of the Eastern Sayan Region

The article, based on field materials, examines the transformation of the worldview of the Buryats of the Eastern Sayan region under the influence of Buddhism. The relevance of the study comes from the need to clarify the value matrices of the traditional society of this region nowadays. The purpose of the study is to identify the key features of the interaction of traditional rituals with later beliefs among the bearers of these values. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to solve several problems: modern scientific ideas about the influence of Buddhism on traditional beliefs were systematized; the specific relationships of Buddhism, traditional shamanism and beliefs are highlighted; the dominant values of Buddhism reinterpreting the heritage of religious practices combined with it are clarified. Further, based on the analysis of field research, the most significant differences in the interpretations of such reinterpreted values were revealed, distinguishing them from traditional Buddhism. Using examples of existing customs, the modern development of the process of integration of the Buddhist worldview into the already existing ritual culture of the Sayan Buryats is traced. The research methodology includes comparative historical and religious studies and hermeneutical approaches. The field study used the method of interview. As a result, the role of Buddhism was confirmed as a way of adaptively rethinking the heritage of traditional culture in light of the modern crisis of values, associated, among other things, with the forgetting of traditions, consumer attitudes towards the environment, nature, society and even loved ones. Turning to Buddhism in the Eastern Sayan region today, as in the past, is becoming one of the ways to overcome such negative phenomena. Buddhism in the region not only absorbed beliefs that existed at different stages of the history of ethnic Buryatia, but also adapted them to its religious practice. A Buddhist worldview of this type corresponds to the concepts of vernacular religion accepted in modern religious studies. Forming a syncretical holistic picture of the world that corresponds to local conditions and the historical period, vernacular Buddhism defines a wide range of existing values that ideologically and practically incorporate the ritual culture that has developed over centuries.

Recognition as an unworthy heir in court: a comparative analysis of the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and Ukraine

The purpose of this article is to analyze the institution of unworthy heirs in the Republic of Kazakhstan and Ukraine. The authors explore the theoretical and practical problems associated with its enforcement in judi-cial practice, as well as conduct a comparative legal analysis between these countries. The issues related to inheritance are analyzed, and scientifically based ways of improving this legal institution are proposed. The paper analyzes the application and implementation of the grounds for recognizing heirs as unworthy in the studied countries. The institution of unworthy heirs exists in various legal systems, and has been subject to changes throughout history. An analysis of Kazakh and Ukrainian inheritance legislation shows that some provisions on this institution do not correspond to modern ideas of justice, while others are not legally accu-rate, which makes it difficult for judicial practice to protect citizens of their violated rights. Judicial practice is also being considered on the claims of persons interested in recognizing the subjects of inheritance as unwor-thy heirs, especially those who evade the duties of maintaining the testator. The main purpose of the study is an extensive study of problematic issues of the theory and practice of the institute of unworthy heirs in these countries, taking into account existing legislation and judicial practice, as well as the proposal of ways to solve them. This work is aimed at introducing novelty and value into the scientific study of this topic.

Effect of antitumor therapy on microflora and oral mucosa in patients with malignant neoplasms

The present article investigates the relationship between the microbiota of the oral cavity and oral mucositis induced by systemic antitumor therapy in patients with malignant neoplasms. This article highlights modern ideas about the composition of the normal microbiota of the oral cavity and its changes during chemotherapeutic treatment.
 It has been shown that the normal oral microbiota includes representatives of such genera as Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Neisseria, Prevotella, Streptococcus, and Veillonella. Moreover, it is emphasized that despite the existence of modern molecular genetic techniques and development of an oral microbiota database, determining the role of individual taxonomic units in oral homeostasis remains challenging.
 Existing studies of changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of oral microflora against the background of drug antitumor therapy have demonstrated that treatment is associated with significant changes in the microbiological landscape of the oral cavity. An increase was noted in the number of Gram-negative anaerobic opportunistic flora and a decrease in the representation of protective commensal flora. It has been demonstrated that the components of a bacterial cell can modulate the local reactions of a macroorganism through a system of Toll-like receptors while acting in different directions.
 Several unresolved fundamental issues related to the role of oral microbiota in the pathogenesis of oral mucositis are highlighted.

Construction of the Aboveground Part of the Tyn Walls of the Fortifications in the Russian State in Siberia and the Far East in Late 16th – Early 17th Century

Purpose. The purpose of the research, the results of which are presented in this article, was to reconstruct the structure of the above-ground part of the tyn walls, to clarify the variability of individual parameters and their relationship with the geographical location of the fortification, its military-administrative status, and other characteristics.Results. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that modern ideas of the design of the aboveground part of the tyn wall correspond to those of more than 150 years ago. Our research made it possible to correct the current situation and form a generalized idea of the characteristics of the aboveground part of the tyn walls in Siberia and the Far East. In particular, it was found that 1) the tyn construction on and in the rampart was untypical for the Trans-Urals; 2) there was a certain standard for the height of the ostrog walls; 3) the tyn height was its main characteristic, which determined the defense capability of the entire object; 4) the tyn height was determined by the military-administrative status of the fortification and/or the military-political situation at the time of its construction; 5) the tyn thickness was not essential for defense capability, therefore, in particular, walls of half-logs were erected; 6) the tyn thickness in large military-administrative centers was greater than in ordinary ostrogs; 7) there were conditions under which it was advisable to erect a tyn wall of half-logs; 8) weapon ports were made in one tyn and had a vertically elongated shape; 9) there were tyn walls made of logs placed with gaps between them (sparse tyn); 10) the sparse tyn was used on those sections of the walls that did not have a platform, were non-rectilinear, and/or did not have towers.Conclusions. The study established that in late 16th – early 17th centuries there were tyn walls of various designs. The wall structure depended on a large number of anthropogenic, social, and natural factors.

Introduction: Social theory and the idea of the future

There is a new sensibility to the concept of the future in recent writings in the human and social sciences. The modern idea of the future is undergoing a tremendous rupture today such that older or taken-for-granted assumptions about it can no longer be left unscrutinized. While much of the new interest in the future is about events yet to come – and the spectre of catastrophe looms large in such thinking – the challenge for social theory is to understand how the future should be conceptualized today and how it relates to other concepts, such as space, hope, possibility and utopia. Some of the major controverses about how the future should be conceptualized can be summed up around the following debates, which are explored in this introductory article: the question of the temporality of the future, the extent to which the future is open, whether utopia has been superseded by dystopia and the implications of posthumanism especially in the context of the emergence of new technologies that have far-reaching implications for the human condition.

Security as a fundamental human right

The article is dedicated to the consideration of the right to security as a fundamental human right. The problems related to the right to security are complex and are determined by the specifics of the current development of society. It is shown that in modern conditions the right to security exists de facto by default, but de jure does not have the status of a fundamental and universal human right. At the same time, the right to security is a legal recognition of the existence of safe conditions of existence for every person and the context for the realization of both individual and the entire complex of human rights. The article proves that the right to security is an integral concept, which is confirmed by a significant number of rights derived from it. It is proven that modern ideas about security are determined by secularization and anthropological trends.
 Today, the content of the concept of "security" emphasizes the individual, not the state. Unlike previous eras, the responsibility for creating and functioning laws and rules for a safe life rest with a person.
 Considerable attention is paid to the modern understanding of the right to security, which has its cultural basis in the form of a change in the normative model of society: the current society is a society of dynamic changes, risks, and conflicts, in which the main social ideal is security, and not equality as it was followed in previous eras. It is also noted that different historical and cultural systems have their ideas about security and specific means of ensuring it.
 The right to security, in an ontological sense, is close to the right to freedom, as it exists in two forms - positive (as a system of measures to counter dangers and threats and ensure stability) and negative (as a state of individual protection from risks and threats). It is emphasized that the right to security is basic (background) for the realization of all other human rights.